Li Guang served three Han emperors and led over seventy campaigns against the Xiongnu. The Xiongnu so feared him they nicknamed him
飞将军 (fēijiāngjūn) the Flying General. Despite his fame he was repeatedly passed over for noble rank — Sima Qian's biography in 《
史记》 made his fate the archetype of the brilliant officer denied his due, captured in the chengyu
李广难封 (Lǐ Guǎng nán fēng).