两宋 'the two Songs' refers to 北宋 (Northern Song, capital 开封 Kaifeng) and 南宋 (Southern Song, capital 临安 Lin'an, today's Hangzhou) as a single 319-year dynasty. The split happened in 1127 when the Jurchen captured the north.
culture
Despite political weakness, the Song produced gunpowder weapons, movable-type printing, Neo-Confucianism (朱熹), the Qingming Festival scroll, and arguably China's commercial/urban peak before modernity.
