xián
adjective #7,723

Meanings

  1. 1 virtuous; worthy; talented
  2. 2 a person of virtue or talent

Examples

Tā shì yīgè xián míng de lǐngdǎo.
He is a wise and virtuous leader.
Gǔrén shuō yào qīn xián yuǎn nìng.
The ancients said one should keep the virtuous close and the sycophants far.

Tips

usage
is mostly seen in compounds: 贤惠 (virtuous, of a woman), (wise and virtuous), 圣贤 (sage). On its own it's quite literary. In modern speech, (xiánqī, virtuous wife) is still commonly used.
history
In Confucian thought, is a key virtue — a (xiánrén) is a person of outstanding moral character and ability, just below a 圣人 (shèngrén, sage) in the moral hierarchy.

Components

radical
bèi
shell; cowrie; money
Bottom cowrie radical — simplified from , a pictograph of a cowrie shell used as ancient currency. The indexing radical of ; carries 'wealth, value'. A person is one of worth, desirable in the way that wealth is desirable. Same family: (riches), (goods), (precious), (trade). is worth that counts beyond coin.
semantic
yòu
hand; again
Top — the right-hand pictograph, standalone 2 strokes. Here it absorbs an extra 2 strokes that are the simplified residue of (kneeling official, originally a watchful eye). The traditional stacked (watching) + (working hand) above , giving 'a worthy person who watches and works'. Reform fused down to a 2-stroke marker.

Stroke Order

xián