亚里斯多德 is the Taiwan and older transliteration; mainland prefers 亚里士多德. Both are widely understood. Aristotle's 《形而上学》 (Metaphysics) and 《诗学》 (Poetics) remain core reading in Chinese philosophy curricula.
memory
Five-syllable transliteration: 亚-里-斯-多-德 sounds out A-ri-s-to-tle.