In the Qing-era novel 《
隋唐演义》 and storytelling tradition,
杨林 ('Kàoshān Wáng'
靠山王) is the arch-loyalist of the Sui regime — an elderly general who repeatedly battles the hero Qin Qiong (
秦琼) and the rising Tang rebels. He is a stock 'formidable old enemy' in Chinese opera and pingshu (
评书).