吃得消 follows the potential-complement pattern: verb +
得/
不 + complement. The opposite is
吃不消 (chībuxiāo, can't bear it / can't take it). Don't confuse with
吃得下 (chīdexià, can manage to eat / has appetite) —
消 here means 'to dispel / digest', so
吃得消 is figuratively 'able to digest the strain.'