Emperor Wu of Han gave Confucian scholars high office, and from then on Confucian thought became the orthodoxy.
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儒生 belongs to imperial China: a man schooled in the Confucian classics, usually aiming for office through the exams. A scholar today is a 学者, 书生 is the bookish young man of old stories, and 腐儒 is a narrow-minded pedant.
