Legendary ruler of ancient China honoured with the Yellow Emperor 黄帝 as an ancestor of the Chinese people, as in 炎黄子孙. He is often identified with 神农, who taught farming and herbal medicine.
Legend says the Yan Emperor taught people to grow the five grains.
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炎 means 'blazing': he was said to rule by the power of fire. His youngest daughter drowned in the Eastern Sea and became the bird 精卫, which drops twigs and pebbles into it to fill it in, hence 精卫填海 for dogged resolve against impossible odds.