xián
adjective HSK 5 #6,199

Meanings

  1. 1 idle; unoccupied; free (not busy)
  2. 2 leisurely; at leisure

Examples

Nǐ jīntiān yǒu xián ma?
Are you free today?
Tā xián búzhù, zǒng xiǎng zhǎoshì zuò.
He can't sit still — he always wants to find something to do.
Wǒ zuìjìn tài xián le, hěn wúliáo.
I've been too idle lately — very bored.
Bié guǎnxiánshì.
Don't meddle in other people's business.

Tips

usage
can describe people (idle, free) or things (unused, spare). 闲人 = idler. 闲事 = other people's business. 闲聊 = to chat casually. 闲逛 = to stroll around aimlessly.
culture
The character shows (door) with (tree/wood) — a tree visible through the gate, suggesting leisure and peacefulness. The traditional form has (moon) in the doorway — moonlight through the gate, a serene image.

Components

radical
mén
door; gate
Outer indexing gate radical — simplified from (a pair of swinging doors). Anchors in the gate family alongside (between), (ask), (close), (rush in). originally depicted a horizontal bar ( wood) placed across the gate — a barricade making it impossible to leave, hence "shut in, idle, leisure."
semantic
tree; wooden bar
Inside — pictograph of a tree, here functioning as a wooden barrier or door-bolt placed across the gateway. Together the components depict "wood-in-the-gate" — the household closed for the night, no business going on. From this concrete picture came the abstract sense of leisure, idleness, free time. A textbook 会意.

Stroke Order

xián