没

沒
méi / mò
adverb #32

Meanings

  1. 1 have not
  2. 2 not

Examples

HSK 1
Wǒ méi qù.
I didn't go.
HSK 1
Méi wèntí.
No problem.
HSK 1
Tā hái méi huí jiā.
He hasn't come home yet.

Tips

grammar
méi negates past actions (我没去 = I didn't go) and the verb 有 (have): 我没有钱 = I don't have money. Use 不 instead for habits, preferences, and future actions: 我不去 = I won't go / I don't go.
mistakes
Never combine 没 with the past-action particle 了. Say 我没去 (I didn't go), not 我没去了. And don't use 没 with adjectives - say 不高 (not tall), not 没高.

Components

radical
氵 shuǐ
water (left-side radical)
Three-drop water radical on the left - the side-form of 水. Marks 没 as historically water-related: the original meaning under the mò reading was 'to sink, submerge, be drowned by water'. Same family as 沉 (to sink), 浸 (to soak), 淹 (to submerge). The everyday méi negation sense ('not, have not') is a much later semantic extension from 'gone, vanished beneath the waves'.
phonetic
殳 shū
spear; hand with weapon
Right side 殳 supplies the sound, though after multiple historical drifts (shū → mò → méi) the modern reading is no longer obviously linked. 殳 itself depicts a hand 又 holding a long-handled weapon. In 没 it originally pictured a hand reaching down to grasp something underwater - a swimmer or diver going under. Same phonetic appears in 殁 (to die).

Stroke Order

没 méi