noun/adjective HSK 5 #1,882

Meanings

  1. 1 poison; toxin
  2. 2 poisonous; toxic; malicious
  3. 3 narcotics; drugs

Examples

Zhè tiáo shé yǒudú.
This snake is venomous.
Tā shuōhuà hěn dú.
His words are very venomous/harsh.
Xīdú shì wéifǎ de.
Taking drugs is illegal.
Zhèzhǒng mógū yǒudú, bùnéng chī.
This kind of mushroom is poisonous, you can't eat it.

Tips

usage
is extremely versatile. As a noun it means 'poison/toxin,' as an adjective 'poisonous/malicious,' and in compounds like 吸毒 (take drugs) and 消毒 (disinfect).
history
The character combines (mother) on top and (don't) — ancient idea of something nurturing that turns harmful.

Components

radical
mother
Bottom (mother) — the indexing radical. The combination 'overgrown plant + mother' captured an ancient paradox: nurturing things turning harmful. Hence the original sense of as 'rank overgrowth that poisons,' generalising later to all toxins — 中毒 (poisoned), 病毒 (virus), 吸毒 (take drugs).
semantic
shēng
rampant growth (graphic of 生)
Top piece — a stylised derived from ('grow'). Pictures rank, weed-like overgrowth. Compound ideograph: rampant plant above + mother-figure below. Sets up the original sense of as 'noxious overgrowth that harms the nurturer.'

Stroke Order