塞

sè / sāi / sài
verb #1,601

Meanings

  1. 1 to block; to obstruct; to clog

Examples

HSK 5
Xiàshuǐdào dǔsè le, shuǐ xià bù qù.
The drain is blocked and the water won't go down.
HSK 7-9
Tā zhǐshì fūyǎn-sèzé.
He just gave a perfunctory answer to dodge responsibility.
HSK 7-9
Zhège cūnzi bìsè, yǔ wàijiè géjué.
This village is remote and cut off from the outside world.

Tips

register
The sè reading is literary and survives almost entirely as a bound morpheme in disyllabic compounds: 堵塞, 阻塞, 闭塞, 梗塞, 搪塞. The meaning is the same blocking-up sense as sāi, just in formal/written register.
mistakes
Medical infarction terms (心肌梗塞 heart attack, 脑梗塞 stroke, 栓塞 embolism) all take sè, not sāi. A common mispronunciation - but in clinical and news contexts the sè reading is expected.

Components

radical
土 tǔ
earth; ground
Bottom earth radical - the indexing radical. Earth is the floor of the container, the foundation that makes the stuffing possible. Also grounds the alternate sài reading (要塞 frontier fortress) - an earthwork blocking a strategic pass. Same family: 堵 block, 填 fill in, 埋 bury.
semantic
宀 mián
roof; cover
Top roof radical 宀 - sets the enclosed-space scene. Plugging and stuffing happen inside something: a bottle, a bag, a doorway, a fortress. The roof on top of 塞 marks the bounded interior into which things get crammed. The whole char is indexed under Kangxi #32 土 - the soil at the base.
semantic
工 gōng
work; tool (here graphic)
Middle 7-stroke unit - visually a 工 fused with two pairs of crossing strokes, originally a graph of bricks packed tightly between supports. Standalone 工 is 3 strokes; here it has absorbed the bundling pattern into a single fused unit. The picture: stuff jammed between roof and earth - the 'cramming, stuffing, blocking' core.

Stroke Order

塞 sè