The new regime could not easily win over the unruly populations of the various regions.
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From the 《尚书·毕命》: 毖殷顽民，迁于洛邑 — 'guard the obstinate Yin remnants and move them to Luoyi.' The Zhou conquerors used 顽民 for Shang loyalists they had to relocate; the word still carries that flavor of 'losers who won't accept the new order.'
