Mandarin has 4 tones: 1st (ā, high level), 2nd (á, rising), 3rd (ǎ, falling-rising), 4th (à, falling), plus a neutral tone (
轻声, qīngshēng). The same syllable with different tones means completely different things: mā (
妈 mother), má (
麻 hemp), mǎ (
马 horse), mà (
骂 to scold).