先

xiān
adverb HSK 3 #242

Meanings

  1. 1 first
  2. 2 beforehand
  3. 3 earlier

Examples

HSK 1
Xiān tīng wǒ shuō.
Listen to me first.
HSK 2
Nǐ xiān zǒu ba.
You go first.
HSK 3
Wǒ xiān chīfàn, zài zuò zuòyè.
I'll eat first, then do homework.

Tips

grammar
先...再... (first...then...) and 先...然后... (first...after that...) are key sequencing patterns: 我先洗手,再吃饭 'I'll wash my hands first, then eat.'

Components

radical
儿 ér
person; child legs (bottom-radical form of 人)
Bottom 儿 is the human-legs radical and the entry's indexing radical. Together with the foot above, it pictures a person whose foot has stepped out in front of the body, giving the core meaning go first, ahead, earlier.
semantic
先 xiān
footprint-on-person (upper fused body)
The top four strokes are a fused contraction of 之 (a footstep) sitting on the body. Historically 先 showed a foot stepping ahead of a person below; the upper portion is now a single indivisible silhouette of that footprint shape.

Stroke Order

先 xiān