马关条约 (MǎguānTiáoyuē): Treaty of Shimonoseki (1895)

Signed April 17, 1895 in Shimonoseki (马关), Japan, by Li Hongzhang (李鸿章) for Qing China and Itō Hirobumi for Japan. China ceded Taiwan, the Pescadores, and the Liaodong Peninsula (later returned under the Triple Intervention), recognized Korean independence, opened four treaty ports, and paid 200 million taels of silver.

usage

Often paired with 甲午战争 (First Sino-Japanese War) in textbooks — the war caused the treaty. 马关 is the Chinese reading of the city Shimonoseki (下関/下关).

In Pop Culture

马关条约 Mǎguān Tiáoyuē

Treaty of Shimonoseki

1895 treaty concluding the First Sino-Japanese War. Transferred Taiwan and the Pescadores to Japan (Japanese rule lasted until 1945), imposed a huge indemnity on Qing China, and marked Japan's emergence as a major imperial power in East Asia.