痰

tán
noun HSK 7-9 #13,046

Meanings

  1. 1 phlegm
  2. 2 sputum

Examples

HSK 4
Tā gǎnmào le, késou háiyǒu tán.
He has a cold, coughing with phlegm.
HSK 6
Qǐng búyào suídì tù tán.
Please don't spit on the ground.

Tips

memory
The radical 疒 (illness) on the outside tells you it's medical. Inside is 炎 (inflammation) - phlegm is produced during inflammation.

Components

radical
疒 nè
sickness (outer radical)
Outer sickness radical 疒 - pictograph of a person bedridden under a leaning canopy. It marks 痰 as a medical character, naming a bodily affliction. Same indexing radical for the disease family: 病 illness, 疼 ache, 疫 plague, 痒 itch, 疯 madness - all sheltered under the sickbed.
phonetic
炎 yán
flame; inflammation (phonetic + semantic)
Inner 炎 supplies the sound - yán drifting to tán with a tone shift. It also adds meaning: in Chinese medicine, phlegm is heat-and-fluid out of balance - an inflammation of the lungs. 炎 (two fires) reinforces this thermal framing. Same phonetic: 谈 to chat, 淡 bland.

Stroke Order

痰 tán