Xiangxi is the homeland of the Tujia and Miao peoples.
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湘 is the short name of Hunan, after the Xiang River (湘江), so 湘西 is "west Hunan". Today it usually means the 湘西土家族苗族自治州 (Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture), whose best-known town is 凤凰古城.