rǎn
verb HSK 5 #3,633

Meanings

  1. 1 to dye; to color
  2. 2 to contaminate; to catch (a disease)
  3. 3 to be tainted by; to acquire (bad habits)

Examples

Tā bǎtóu fa rǎn chéng le hóngsè.
She dyed her hair red.
Tā rǎnshàng le liúgǎn.
He caught the flu.
Bùyào rǎnshàng huài xíguàn.
Don't pick up bad habits.
Zhè tiáo hé bèi wūshuǐ rǎn hēi le.
This river has been turned black by sewage.

Tips

usage
has three main uses: dyeing (染发, dye hair), disease (传染, infect; 感染, get infected), and bad influence (染上习惯, pick up bad habits).
memory
The character has (wood) at the bottom and (water) on the left — wood being soaked in dye water.

Components

radical
tree; wood
Bottom wood radical — the indexing radical. Represents the plant source of the dye: most traditional Chinese dyes came from tree bark, leaves, and roots. Anchors the etymology — was originally about extracting colour from plant matter. A rare three-component compound ideograph.
semantic
shuǐ
water (radical form)
Top-left water component represents the dye-vat. Traditional Chinese dyes were made by soaking plant materials in water — indigo, madder, gardenia all leached colour into the bath. The water signals that dyeing is fundamentally an aqueous process.
semantic
jiǔ
nine; many times
Top-right (nine) functions semantically as 'many times, repeatedly'. Traditional dyeing required dipping the fabric multiple times — nine repetitions for deep, fast colours. The composition reads as 'soak the wood-dyestuff repeatedly in water'.

Stroke Order

rǎn