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擅自

shànzì
adverb HSK 7-9 #8,208

Meanings

  1. 1 without permission
  2. 2 on one's own authority
  3. 3 without authorization

Characters

擅
shàn
without permission; on one's own
自
zì
self; by oneself
Taking it upon oneself - doing something without authorization.

Examples

HSK 5
他擅自修改了合同。
Tā shànzì xiūgǎi le hétong.
He modified the contract without authorization.
HSK 5
学生不能擅自进入实验室。
Xuésheng bùnéng shànzì jìnrù shíyànshì.
Students may not enter the laboratory without permission.
HSK 6
不要擅自离开岗位。
Búyào shànzì líkāi gǎngwèi.
Don't leave your post without permission.

Tips

usage
擅自 always carries a negative tone - it implies the action was improper or unauthorized. It's commonly paired with verbs of action: 擅自决定 (decide on one's own), 擅自使用 (use without permission).

Stroke Order

擅 shàn
自 zì