fǒu
adverb #8,419

Meanings

  1. 1 to negate; to deny
  2. 2 not; no
  3. 3 whether or not

Examples

HSK 1
Néngfǒu bāng wǒ yīxià?
Can you help me?
HSK 2
Shìfǒu néng cānjiā?
Whether or not you can participate?
HSK 3
Tā fǒurèn le zhè jiàn shì.
He denied this matter.

Tips

usage
is formal/written. Common uses: 是否 (whether), 否则 (otherwise), 否认 (to deny), 否定 (to negate). In classical Chinese, (pǐ) also meant 'bad fortune' - the hexagram in the I Ching represents obstruction.

Components

radical
kǒu
mouth
Bottom mouth radical - the indexing radical here, a pictograph of an open mouth. Specifies that the negation above is being uttered out loud - is the verbal act of denying, not just abstract negation. Same family: ask, phrase, name. Mnemonic: not () + mouth () = to say no.
phonetic
not; no
Top supplies both sound and meaning - fǒu / pǐ are well-attested historical readings of itself (the negation particle had multiple Old Chinese pronunciations). Also delivers the core negative semantic content directly: is built as 'a mouth that says no.' Same phonetic family: cup (where is purely phonetic), unfired clay, embryo.

Stroke Order

fǒu