fǒu
adverb #8,419

Meanings

  1. 1 to negate; to deny
  2. 2 not; no
  3. 3 whether or not

Examples

Shìfǒu néng cānjiā?
Whether or not you can participate?
Tā fǒurèn le zhè jiàn shì.
He denied this matter.
Néngfǒu bāng wǒ yīxià?
Can you help me?

Tips

usage
is formal/written. Common uses: 是否 (whether), 否则 (otherwise), 否认 (to deny), 否定 (to negate). In classical Chinese, (pǐ) also meant 'bad fortune' — the hexagram in the I Ching represents obstruction.

Components

radical
kǒu
mouth
Bottom mouth radical — the indexing radical here, a pictograph of an open mouth. Specifies that the negation above is being uttered out loud — is the verbal act of denying, not just abstract negation. Same family: ask, phrase, name. Mnemonic: not () + mouth () = to say no.
phonetic
not; no
Top supplies both sound and meaning — fǒu / pǐ are well-attested historical readings of itself (the negation particle had multiple Old Chinese pronunciations). Also delivers the core negative semantic content directly: is built as 'a mouth that says no.' Same phonetic family: cup (where is purely phonetic), unfired clay, embryo.

Stroke Order

fǒu