否

fǒu
adverb #8,419

Meanings

  1. 1 to negate; to deny
  2. 2 not; no
  3. 3 whether or not

Examples

HSK 2
Néngfǒu bāng wǒ yíxià?
Can you help me?
HSK 3
Shìfǒu néng cānjiā?
Whether or not you can participate?
HSK 5
Tā fǒurèn le zhè jiàn shì.
He denied this matter.

Tips

usage
否 is formal/written. Common uses: 是否 (whether), 否则 (otherwise), 否认 (to deny), 否定 (to negate). In classical Chinese, 否 (pǐ) also meant 'bad fortune' - the hexagram 否 in the I Ching represents obstruction.

Components

radical
口 kǒu
mouth
Bottom mouth radical - the indexing radical here, a pictograph of an open mouth. Specifies that the negation 不 above is being uttered out loud - 否 is the verbal act of denying, not just abstract negation. Same family: 问 ask, 句 phrase, 名 name. Mnemonic: not (不) + mouth (口) = to say no.
phonetic
不 bù
not; no
Top 不 supplies both sound and meaning - fǒu / pǐ are well-attested historical readings of 不 itself (the negation particle had multiple Old Chinese pronunciations). Also delivers the core negative semantic content directly: 否 is built as 'a mouth that says no.' Same phonetic family: 杯 cup (where 不 is purely phonetic), 坯 unfired clay, 胚 embryo.

Stroke Order

否 fǒu