Most often refers to
萨曼王朝 (Sàmàn wángcháo, the Samanid Empire, 819–999 CE), a Persian dynasty centered on Bukhara that presided over a flowering of New Persian literature and was a major route in the trans-Eurasian silk-road network. Also used as a transliteration of the Persian/Arabic given name Saman (سامان).