Tā huànyǒu jiàn dòng zhèng, jīròu wěisuō yánzhòng.
He has ALS and suffers severe muscle wasting.
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萎 (wither, like a plant) + 缩 (shrink) perfectly captures the medical concept: muscles literally 'wither and shrink'. The same pair 萎缩 can describe atrophy of any tissue — 脑萎缩, 胃萎缩.