Carbon neutrality isn't just about the environment, it's also economic transformation.
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history
Part of Xi Jinping's '30·60 goals' announced at the UN in September 2020: peak carbon by 2030, neutrality by 2060. Together with 碳达峰 it dominated 2021 policy discourse. Named a 2021 Top 10 buzzword by 《咬文嚼字》.
usage
中和 alone means 'neutralize / neutrality.' So 碳中和 literally reads 'carbon-neutralized'—emissions balanced out by absorption or offsets. Commonly abbreviated together with 碳达峰 as 双碳 (dual-carbon).