King Wu of Zhou is said to have delivered it to his allies at the ford of Mengjin before the campaign against
纣, the last Shang king. Its lines include
予有乱臣十人,
同心同德 'I have ten ministers who keep order, of one heart and one mind', where
乱臣 has the old sense 'minister who governs well', the opposite of its later meaning 'rebel'.