When Zeng Guofan organized the Xiang Army, he gave equal weight to naval and land forces.
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history
Qing-dynasty military terminology: 水师 was the navy, 陆师 was the army, and 水陆师 lumped them together. The term faded after the late-Qing reforms when 海军 (navy) and 陆军 (army) became standard.
