Published on 11 May 1978 in
光明日报 under the byline 'Special Commentator'; the first draft was by the Nanjing University philosophy teacher
胡福明. It struck at the
两个凡是 line (whatever Mao decided and whatever Mao instructed must be upheld). Backed by
邓小平, the nationwide debate it started cleared the way for the Third Plenum of December 1978 and
改革开放.