呛

嗆
qiàng / qiāng
verb HSK 7-9 #11,513

Meanings

  1. 1 to irritate the nose or throat
  2. 2 pungent; choking (of smoke or smell)

Examples

HSK 4
Chúfáng lǐ de yānwèi tài qiàng le.
The smoke in the kitchen is too irritating.
HSK 4
Zhège wèidao zhēn qiàng bízi, kuài kāi chuāng ba.
This smell really stings my nose. Open the window, quick.
HSK 6
Làjiāo de wèidao qiàng de wǒ zhí késou.
The chili smell was so pungent it made me cough nonstop.

Tips

usage
qiàng (fourth tone) is the outward irritation sense - pungent smoke, fumes or a sharp smell stinging the nose and throat. It also forms the very common spoken 够呛 meaning 'pretty bad' or 'a tall order'. In Taiwan usage it can also mean to talk back sharply or scold. For choking on swallowed food or water, use the qiāng reading instead.

Components

radical
口 kǒu
mouth
Left-side mouth radical, a small square opening. It anchors 呛 as something that happens at the mouth and throat - choking on food gone the wrong way, gagging on acrid fumes. Same family includes 咳 (to cough), 喝 (to drink) and 吞 (to swallow).
phonetic
仓 cāng
storehouse
Right side 仓 supplies the sound - cāng shifting to qiāng. Originally 仓 pictured a granary with a sloped roof; here it is purely phonetic. The same phonetic feeds 抢 (to snatch), 枪 (gun) and 苍 (deep green).

Stroke Order

呛 qiàng