In 1644 the rebel
李自成 took Beijing and his men seized her.
吴三桂, holding
山海关 for the Ming, then joined the Manchus instead of the rebels, and the Qing marched in. Historians doubt she was the real reason, but the poet
吴伟业's line
冲冠一怒为红颜, 'his rage lifted his cap, all for a beauty', fixed the story in memory.