Many Han emperors had 'Xiao' in their posthumous titles, such as Emperor Xiaowen and Emperor Xiaowu.
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history
Born 拓跋宏 of the Xianbei royal clan, he moved the court from 平城 (modern Datong) to 洛阳 in 494, banned Xianbei dress and speech at court, and changed the royal surname to 元, so he is also known as 元宏. Carving at the 龙门石窟 began under him.
usage
Under the Han nearly every emperor after the founder had 孝 'filial' added to his posthumous title, so in Han texts 孝文帝 means 汉文帝. Elsewhere it means the Northern Wei ruler.
