The Mogao Caves at Dunhuang contain many exquisite murals.
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A network of 492 Buddhist grottoes carved between the 4th and 14th centuries near Dunhuang on the Silk Road. The 'Library Cave' (藏经洞) sealed around 1000 CE was rediscovered in 1900 and yielded tens of thousands of manuscripts - many removed by Aurel Stein and Paul Pelliot, founding the field of Dunhuang studies 敦煌学.