磷酸铁锂

Two dominant EV battery chemistries in China: 磷酸铁锂 (LFP — cheaper, safer, longer cycle life, lower winter range) and 三元锂 (sānyuánlǐ, NMC ternary — higher energy density, more expensive, more thermal-runaway risk). BYD bet heavily on LFP via its Blade Battery (刀片电池); CATL produces both. LFP's market share surged past 50% in China in the 2020s.

Chemistry: 磷酸 (lín-suān, phosphoric acid) + 铁 (tiě, iron) + 锂 (lǐ, lithium) = LiFePO₄. Often abbreviated 铁锂 (tiělǐ) in spoken context. Compare 三元锂 = nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC).