In Chinese folk religion,
瘟神 refers to spirits that spread disease — most famously the
五瘟使者 (Five Plague Emissaries) who each governed a season. Traditional
送瘟神 (sòng wēnshén, 'see off the plague god') rituals at the end of festivals were meant to drive disease out of the village. Mao Zedong's 1958 poem 《
送瘟神》 used the image to celebrate the campaign against schistosomiasis.