巴南 means 'south of
巴' —
巴 being the ancient Ba kingdom absorbed by Qin in 316 BCE, whose core territory is now Chongqing. The district was carved out of the older
巴县 in 1994. Hot-pot fans know it as one of the birthplaces of Chongqing-style
火锅, and the area around
南温泉 is a historic hot-springs resort.