大任 is famously associated with Mencius's line:
故天将降大任于斯人也 (gù tiān jiāng jiàng dàrèn yú sī rén yě) — 'when Heaven is about to place a great mission on someone' — followed by the classic list of hardships (struggle of mind, exhaustion of bones, etc.) used to test them. The phrase still flavors modern motivational speech.
