堪

kān
verb #5,413

Meanings

  1. 1 can; able to bear
  2. 2 worthy of
  3. 3 endure

Examples

HSK 6
Zhè zhǒng tòngkǔ ràng rén bùkān rěnshòu.
This kind of pain is unbearable.
HSK 7-9
Bùkān-yìjī.
Cannot withstand a single blow.

Tips

usage
堪 is literary and mainly appears in fixed compounds: 不堪 (cannot bear; unbearable), 堪称 (can be called/worthy of being called), 难堪 (embarrassing). Rarely used standalone in modern speech.

Components

radical
土 tǔ
earth; soil
Earth radical on the left, solid ground that endures and bears weight. 堪 means 'to be capable, to bear, to withstand', and the earth radical signals the metaphor: like the ground supporting whatever is placed on it. Same radical heads 地 (ground), 城 (city wall), 块 (lump), 坚 (firm).
phonetic
甚 shèn
extremely; what
Right side 甚 supplies the sound: shèn drifted to kān with regular sh/k velar alternation in older Chinese. 甚 itself originally pictured a rich vessel of food and drink, suggesting fullness, a faint semantic resonance for 堪 (capable, fulfilling a role). Same phonetic also gives 勘 (investigate), 戡 (subjugate).

Stroke Order

堪 kān