坚

堅
jiān
adjective #8,840

Meanings

  1. 1 firm; strong; solid
  2. 2 resolute; determined
  3. 3 hard; tough

Examples

HSK 5
Jiānchí jiùshì shènglì.
Persistence is victory.
HSK 5
Wǒ jiānjué fǎnduì.
I firmly oppose.
HSK 7-9
Tā de yìzhì hěn jiānqiáng.
His willpower is strong.

Tips

usage
坚 is used in: 坚持 (to persist/insist), 坚强 (strong/tough), 坚决 (resolute), 坚定 (firm), 坚固 (solid/sturdy), 坚果 (nut - literally 'hard fruit'). It always conveys firmness and resilience.

Components

radical
土 tǔ
earth; soil
The earth radical at the bottom anchors the meaning of solid ground - firm, packed soil, a foundation that does not yield. It indexes 坚 with chars about ground and solidity: 地 ground, 坐 sit, 城 city wall, 块 lump, 堂 hall. Hardness is rooted in earth.
semantic
坚 jiān
top stroke-pair (graphic residue)
The two top strokes are the simplified residue of 臣 (subject, bent figure) from the traditional form 堅, where a kneeling official watched over hard work. Modern reform compressed those strokes to a small marker; standalone they have no independent reading, but they preserve the silhouette of disciplined attention.
semantic
又 yòu
hand; again
又 (hand) sits to the right of the top - historically the grasping hand that held something firm. The combination of watching eye 臣 over working hand 又 in the traditional 堅 conveyed firmness through disciplined labour, and 又 still carries that working-hand sense here.

Stroke Order

坚 jiān