内存 = 'internal memory' (RAM); 条 = 'strip / stick'. Literally 'memory stick' — a vivid description of the long thin DIMM module you plug into a motherboard slot.
usage
The measure word is 根 (gēn, 'stick/strand') — matches the 条 in the name: 一根内存条. Compare 内存 alone which just means 'RAM' (capacity, e.g. 16G 内存).
