Reform is a long-term process that cannot be achieved in one stroke.
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history
From Su Xun's Song-era 《上田枢密书》: 天下之学者，孰不欲一蹴而造圣人之域 - 'what scholar does not wish to reach the sage's realm in a single step?' Su Xun was criticizing impatience, which is how the phrase is still used.
usage
Almost always appears in a negative construction: 不能一蹴而就 / 不是一蹴而就的 ('cannot be / isn't a one-stroke matter'). The phrase exists mainly to deny that something can be rushed.
