Originally served Xiang Yu before defecting to Liu Bang. Famed for the 'six secret stratagems' (
六出奇计) recorded in 《
史记·
陈丞相世家》, including the ruse that broke Xiang Yu's trust in his advisor Fan Zeng. After Liu Bang's death he and Zhou Bo restored the Liu clan by crushing Empress Dowager Lü's relatives in 180 BCE.