活佛 is the Chinese rendering of the Tibetan tulku (སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་) — a high lama believed to consciously reincarnate to continue his teaching lineage. Famous lines include the Dalai Lama (
达赖喇嘛) and Panchen Lama (
班禅喇嘛). Recognition is part religious, part political.