上演 is used for plays, movies, events, and figuratively for dramatic situations unfolding in real life (like 上演了一场好戏 = 'quite a drama unfolded'). It emphasizes the public showing/staging.
usage
演出 (yǎnchū) = to perform/a performance (broader). 首演 (shǒu yǎn) = premiere. 重演 (chóng yǎn) = to re-enact/repeat.