Negotiated by envoy Chonghou (
崇厚) in 1879 at Livadia (Russian imperial summer palace in Crimea) to recover the Ili region from Russia. Terms were so unfavorable that the Qing court rejected it, sentenced Chonghou to death, and sent Zeng Jize (
曾纪泽) to renegotiate — yielding the slightly better 1881 Treaty of St. Petersburg (
圣彼得堡条约).
