This is the Catholic-Bible transliteration of 'David.' Protestant Bibles and most secular sources use 大卫 (Dàwèi). Encountering 达味 strongly signals you're reading a Catholic text — Sigao Bible, missal readings, or Catholic Church publications.
The classic underdog story from 1 Samuel 17, where the shepherd boy David fells the Philistine giant with a sling — a foundational image of the unlikely hero in Western culture.