燕

yàn / Yān
noun #15,269

Measure Word

一只燕 zhī

Meanings

  1. 1 swallow (bird)

Examples

HSK 3
Chūntiān lái le, yànzi fēi huílái le.
Spring is here, the swallows have flown back.
HSK 7-9
Yànwō shì yī zhǒng míngguì de bǔpǐn.
Edible bird's nest is a precious tonic.

Tips

mistakes
燕 has two readings: yàn for the bird, Yān for the ancient state, the surname, and the place names built on them. So 燕子 (swallow) and 燕窝 (edible bird's nest), but 燕国 (the state of Yan) and 燕京 (an old name for Beijing).
culture
Swallows nesting under the eaves is a traditional symbol of good fortune in Chinese culture. The return of swallows marks the arrival of spring.

Components

radical
灬 huǒ
fire (bottom-form variant)
Bottom 灬 - the four-dot bottom form of 火, but here it isn't fire at all. The dots are a graphic substitute for the swallow's forked tail feathers, an accidental homophony of shape that lets 燕 share an indexing radical with cooking characters like 煮 and 蒸. Etymologically the dots are tail; positionally they index as the fire radical.
pictograph
廿 niàn
twenty; flat shape (here pictographic head)
Top 廿 - visually the number twenty, but in 燕 it has nothing to do with counting. It is a graphic stand-in for the swallow's small flat head and pointed beak, the topmost slice of the original bird pictograph that gave rise to the modern character.
pictograph
口 kǒu
mouth; opening
Middle 口 - not a literal mouth here, but the stylised body of the swallow seen from below. The whole top stack 廿+口 traces the bird's head and belly fused into one silhouette; the original oracle-bone graph showed a swallow in flight with wings spread.
pictograph
北 běi
north; back-to-back figures
Middle-bottom 北 - depicting the swallow's two outstretched wings, beating away from the body. 北 is itself a pictograph of two people back-to-back; reused here purely for its winged shape, a happy coincidence between two unrelated graphs.

Stroke Order

燕 yàn