Written by Engels (
恩格斯, Ēngésī) in 1876-1878 to refute the German philosopher Eugen Dühring, who had been gaining influence in the German Social-Democratic Party. The book's three sections — philosophy, political economy, scientific socialism — became the standard structure for systematic presentations of Marxism, and three of its chapters were later excerpted as 《
社会主义从空想到科学的发展》 (Socialism: Utopian and Scientific). Required reading in Chinese university Marxism courses.
