写意 (freehand, impressionistic) contrasts with
工笔 — a meticulous outline-and-color style with fine brushwork and rich detail. Xieyi prizes
气韵 (spirit resonance) and
留白 (empty space), sometimes capturing an animal in just a few strokes. Masters:
徐渭,
朱耷 (
八大山人),
齐白石,
吴昌硕.