A positive rheumatoid factor doesn't necessarily mean rheumatoid arthritis.
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Literally 'rheumatoid-like factor': 类 ('similar to / -oid') + 风湿 ('rheumatism, lit. wind-damp') + 因子 ('factor'). 风湿 itself preserves the traditional Chinese medicine theory that joint pain is caused by 'wind' and 'dampness.'